Lens effects
Drag the lens to move.
Right click inside the lens to see the object without magnification.
Related applets:
1. The lenses are not assumed to be thin. They are
| Convex 1 | Spherical plano-convex lens with the curved surface facing upward. |
| Concex 2 | Spherical plano-convex lens with the curved surface facing downward. |
| Concex 3 | Cylindrical plano-convex lens with the curved surface facing upward. |
| Concex 4 | Cylindrical plano-convex lens with the curved surface facing downward. |
| Concave 1 | Spherical plano-concave lens with the curved surface facing upward. |
| Concave 2 | Spherical plano-concave lens with the curved surface facing downward. |
| Concave 3 | Cylindrical plano-concave lens with the curved surface facing upward. |
| Concave 4 | Cylindrical plano-concave lens with the curved surface facing downward. |
| Prismatic 1 | 45-90-45 prism with the hypotenuse facing upward and the right angle placing at the right |
| Prismatic 2 | 45-90-45 prism with the hypotenuse facing downward and right angle placing at the left |
2. The lengths h and R in the ratio h/R are
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3. The image is calculated on the assumption that the observer is far away from the lens and the picture being observed is put under and close to the lens.
4. This applet is written in full accord with Snell's law of refraction. The images seen through the virtual lenses are perfectly identical to the real ones. Click here to see a comparsion of them.
5. If either the ratio h/R or the index of refraction (n) is too large, opague region(s) may appear at the edge of the lens.
| Indeed, this phenomenon is very common. | |
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Stand a transparent semi-circular block upright with its flat surface facing upward. When viewed from the top, the two ends of the upper flat surface do not show any images of the bottom paper. Practically, this can serve as an easy method of finding the index of refraction of the block. |
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6. Use the mouse to drag the lens to move; right click inside the lens to see the background without magnification.
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